Moreover, young children also have less skin collagen, a substance that also restricts the ability of laser light to spread throughout the port wine stain. Because melanin tends to absorb laser light energy, adults with port wine stains and extra melanin naturally inhibit the efficacy of laser therapy needed to evaporate damaged capillaries. Children possess lesser amounts of epidermal melanin than adults, which promotes the ability of laser therapy to eliminate port wine stains.
Research indicates that aggressively treating port wine stains as soon as possible facilitates eradication of PWS when it is eventually treated. This excess blood is why PWSs are so much darker than other areas of skin containing normal amounts of nerve fibers and blood flow. Eventually, a purplish-red port wine stain develops as a result of these engorged capillaries. This allows too much blood to enter capillaries, which continue to expand to accommodate greater amounts of blood. When an area of a child’s skin fails to receive enough nerve fibers during gestation, blood vessels cannot develop normally and expand instead. On rare occasions, port wine stains comprise symptoms of syndromes, specifically the Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome or the Sturge-Weber syndrome. Vascular anomalies producing a port wine stain are the result of capillaries that failed to form properly during gestation, a condition that is predominantly hereditary. Port wine stains are harmless, congenital vascular anomalies affecting about three out of every 1000 newborns.Īlso referred to as a birthmark, port wine stains differ slightly from less florid skin discolorations because they are deep red or purplish in color and resemble severely inflamed patches of skin.
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